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      <a href="/2017/03/11/angular-free-11-how-to-be-a-directive/" title="玩转Angular1(11)--组件的自我修养" itemprop="url">玩转Angular1(11)--组件的自我修养</a>
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      <a href="https://godbasin.github.io" title="被删">被删</a>
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    <time datetime="2017-03-11T09:29:32.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2017-03-11</time>
    更新日期:<time datetime="2017-07-14T13:03:24.332Z" itemprop="dateModified">2017-07-14</time>
    
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			<strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件的划分和封装"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件的划分和封装</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件的划分"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件的划分</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件的封装"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件的封装</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#可配置的组件"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">可配置的组件</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#通过配置控制组件的展示"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">通过配置控制组件的展示</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#通过某个属性配置某个部分是否显示"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">通过某个属性配置某个部分是否显示</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#通过一个属性配置需要显示的所有部分"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">通过一个属性配置需要显示的所有部分</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
		</div>
		
		<p>AngularJS(v1.5.8)已经成为项目们的基本框架，《玩转Angular1》系列用于记录项目中的一些好玩或者比较特别的思路。<br>本文简单说明一下，目前来说，个人认为的较好的组件的设计思想。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="组件的划分和封装"><a href="#组件的划分和封装" class="headerlink" title="组件的划分和封装"></a>组件的划分和封装</h2><hr>
<h3 id="组件的划分"><a href="#组件的划分" class="headerlink" title="组件的划分"></a>组件的划分</h3><p>通常来说，组件的划分，与视觉、交互等密切相关，我们可通过功能、独立性来判断是否适合作为一个组件。</p>
<p>小组里面有个小朋友提出，所有的东西都可以当作一个组件，一个卡片可以是个组件，一个卡片+标题也可以作为一个组件。<br>不得不说，这种的想法也是挺有意思的，所以我们的可以根据两种情况进行组件的划分：</p>
<ol>
<li>视觉和交互上是一个完整的组件。</li>
<li>写代码的时候，可重复的内容即可视为一个组件。</li>
</ol>
<p>当然，在一个项目中，我们最好是使用其中一个规范，因为对于成员的相互配合和项目的维护来说，统一的规范是比较重要的。</p>
<p>这里可能需要简单说明一下两种思路的区别：<br>例如我们的界面中，有以下的设计场景：</p>
<ul>
<li>单张卡片的展示</li>
<li>多张卡片的展示</li>
<li>标题+若干卡片的展示</li>
</ul>
<p>若是按照1划分：</p>
<ul>
<li>卡片是一个组件</li>
<li>多张卡片时，通过ng-repeat实现</li>
<li>标题+若干卡片时，通过header+ng-repeat实现</li>
</ul>
<p>若是按照2划分：</p>
<ul>
<li>标题+若干卡片是一个组件</li>
<li>多张卡片时，通过配置<code>is-title-shown=&quot;false&quot;</code>，不显示title，并通过传入data[]，设置多张卡片形式</li>
<li>单张卡片时，通过配置<code>is-title-shown=&quot;false&quot;</code>，不显示title，并通过传入item，设置单张卡片形式</li>
<li>卡片内根据传入的数据进行相应的初始化处理</li>
</ul>
<p>对于第二种方式的实现，很有意思，但是这样的界限比较难划清，同时在设计上需要花费的精力和时间都相对较多，所以目前我们使用的多是第一种组件规范。</p>
<h3 id="组件的封装"><a href="#组件的封装" class="headerlink" title="组件的封装"></a>组件的封装</h3><p>对于组件的封装，参考了小组成员的意见后，个人认为可以有以下的一些良好设计方式：</p>
<ul>
<li>组件内维护自身的数据和状态</li>
<li>组件内维护自身的事件</li>
<li>通过初始化事件（event、绑定的scope事件，传入数据），来初始化组件状态，激活组件</li>
<li>通过更改某个配置，来控制展示</li>
<li>通过对外提供接口，可查询组件状态</li>
</ul>
<p>现在，我们有一个筛选的模块，里面有多个单选、多选、填写内容等数据：</p>
<ul>
<li>可点击查询，发送数据至后台接口</li>
<li>可点击重置，将所有选中数据恢复为初始状态</li>
<li>其中，选择第一个单选的时候，后面的所有数据都会根据该选项进行切换</li>
<li>第一个单选里，数组的数据通过固定的接口获取</li>
</ul>
<p>这时候，我们可以这样来设计我们的组件：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div><div class="line">44</div><div class="line">45</div><div class="line">46</div><div class="line">47</div><div class="line">48</div><div class="line">49</div><div class="line">50</div><div class="line">51</div><div class="line">52</div><div class="line">53</div><div class="line">54</div><div class="line">55</div><div class="line">56</div><div class="line">57</div><div class="line">58</div><div class="line">59</div><div class="line">60</div><div class="line">61</div><div class="line">62</div><div class="line">63</div><div class="line">64</div><div class="line">65</div><div class="line">66</div><div class="line">67</div><div class="line">68</div><div class="line">69</div><div class="line">70</div><div class="line">71</div><div class="line">72</div><div class="line">73</div><div class="line">74</div><div class="line">75</div><div class="line">76</div><div class="line">77</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> (ngModule) =&gt; &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">/*</span></div><div class="line">    * @ 筛选组件</div><div class="line">    * @param: &#123;</div><div class="line">    *     getStates() 返回组件状态（所有选中）</div><div class="line">    *     VM:&#123;&#125; 用于绑定视图相关对象</div><div class="line">    * &#125;</div><div class="line">    * @event: &#123;</div><div class="line">    *     on: 'selectable:init'触发初始化事件</div><div class="line">    *     emit: 'selectable:render'发送render事件</div><div class="line">    * &#125;</div><div class="line">    * @attribute:&#123;</div><div class="line">    *     ui-config: 传入字符串，用于定制化组件显示，TaskName/DataSetting/DepolyFilte/TargetFilter/PropertyFilter</div><div class="line">    * &#125;</div><div class="line">    *</div><div class="line">    */</div><div class="line">    ngModule</div><div class="line">        .directive(<span class="string">'selectable'</span>, () =&gt; &#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">templateUrl</span>: <span class="string">'./shared/components/selectableSelection.template.html'</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">restrict</span>: <span class="string">'AE'</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">scope</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">                    <span class="attr">getStates</span>: <span class="string">'&lt;'</span>,</div><div class="line">                    <span class="attr">uiConfig</span>: <span class="string">'&lt;'</span>,</div><div class="line">                &#125;,</div><div class="line">                link(scope, ele, attrs) &#123;</div><div class="line">                    <span class="keyword">const</span> VM = &#123;&#125; <span class="keyword">as</span> TODO; <span class="comment">// 视图模板中将要绑定的数据</span></div><div class="line">                    scope.VM = VM;</div><div class="line">                    VM.states = &#123;&#125; <span class="keyword">as</span> TODO; <span class="comment">// 选中状态对象</span></div><div class="line">                    scope.handleService = handleService; <span class="comment">// 处理服务</span></div><div class="line">                    scope.init = init; <span class="comment">// 初始化与重置</span></div><div class="line">                    scope.render = render; <span class="comment">// 查询事件</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 监听'selectable:init'事件并进行初始化</span></div><div class="line">                    scope.$on(<span class="string">'selectable:init'</span>, (e, data) =&gt; &#123;</div><div class="line">                        <span class="comment">// 获取服务数据</span></div><div class="line">                        getServices();</div><div class="line">                    &#125;);</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 处理服务</span></div><div class="line">                    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">handleService</span>(<span class="params">service?</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">                        <span class="comment">// 选中服务</span></div><div class="line">                        VM.serviceSelected = service || VM.services[<span class="number">0</span>];</div><div class="line">                        <span class="comment">// 其他选项数据更新</span></div><div class="line">                    &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 获取服务数据</span></div><div class="line">                    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getServices</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">                        getService().then(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">                            <span class="comment">// 获取服务数据，并进行初始化</span></div><div class="line">                            VM.services = res;</div><div class="line">                            init();</div><div class="line">                        &#125;);</div><div class="line">                    &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 初始化&amp;&amp;重置事件</span></div><div class="line">                    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">init</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">                        <span class="comment">// 初始化数据</span></div><div class="line">                        angular.merge(VM, &#123;...&#125;);</div><div class="line">                        <span class="comment">// 初始化状态</span></div><div class="line">                        angular.extend(VM.states, &#123;<span class="attr">someSelected</span>: value&#125;);</div><div class="line">                        <span class="comment">// 给states对象赋值get方法用于查询，查询的数据不可更改影响组件状态</span></div><div class="line">                        <span class="keyword">if</span> (scope.states) &#123;</div><div class="line">                            scope.getStates = <span class="function"><span class="params">()</span> =&gt;</span> angular.merge(&#123;&#125;, VM.states);</div><div class="line">                        &#125;</div><div class="line">                        handleService();</div><div class="line">                        render();</div><div class="line">                    &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 查询事件</span></div><div class="line">                    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">render</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">                        scope.$emit(<span class="string">'selectable:render'</span>);</div><div class="line">                    &#125;</div><div class="line">                &#125;</div><div class="line">            &#125;;</div><div class="line">      &#125;]);</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="可配置的组件"><a href="#可配置的组件" class="headerlink" title="可配置的组件"></a>可配置的组件</h2><hr>
<h3 id="通过配置控制组件的展示"><a href="#通过配置控制组件的展示" class="headerlink" title="通过配置控制组件的展示"></a>通过配置控制组件的展示</h3><p>上面我们也提到过，我们在开发产品的时候，未免会遇到这样的需求：</p>
<ul>
<li>卡片A与卡片B、卡片C结构基本相似</li>
<li>卡片B没有头部</li>
<li>卡片C没有底部</li>
</ul>
<p>这时候，我们可以设计一个组件，并提供视图配置，来适应不同场景的使用，我们可以有以下方法：</p>
<ul>
<li>通过某个属性配置某个部分是否显示</li>
<li>通过一个属性配置需要显示的所有部分</li>
<li>通过传入初始值进行相关显示控制</li>
<li>…</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="通过某个属性配置某个部分是否显示"><a href="#通过某个属性配置某个部分是否显示" class="headerlink" title="通过某个属性配置某个部分是否显示"></a>通过某个属性配置某个部分是否显示</h3><ul>
<li>指令模板</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">header</span> <span class="attr">ng-show</span>=<span class="string">"hasHeader"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">headesr</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">footer</span> <span class="attr">ng-show</span>=<span class="string">"hasFooter"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">footer</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>指令逻辑</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">...</div><div class="line">scope: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">hasFooter</span>: <span class="string">'@?'</span>,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">hasHeader</span>: <span class="string">'@?'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;,</div><div class="line">...</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>使用</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">card</span> <span class="attr">has-header</span>=<span class="string">"yes"</span> <span class="attr">has-footer</span>=<span class="string">"yes"</span>&gt;</span>A<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">card</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">card</span> <span class="attr">has-footer</span>=<span class="string">"yes"</span>&gt;</span>B<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">card</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">card</span> <span class="attr">has-header</span>=<span class="string">"yes"</span>&gt;</span>C<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">card</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="通过一个属性配置需要显示的所有部分"><a href="#通过一个属性配置需要显示的所有部分" class="headerlink" title="通过一个属性配置需要显示的所有部分"></a>通过一个属性配置需要显示的所有部分</h3><ul>
<li>指令模板</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">header</span> <span class="attr">ng-show</span>=<span class="string">"uiConfig.indexOf('header') &gt; -1"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">headesr</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">footer</span> <span class="attr">ng-show</span>=<span class="string">"uiConfig.indexOf('footer') &gt; -1"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">footer</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>指令逻辑</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">...</div><div class="line">scope: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">uiConfig</span>: <span class="string">'@?'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;,</div><div class="line">...</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>使用</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">card</span> <span class="attr">ui-config</span>=<span class="string">"header footer"</span>&gt;</span>A<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">card</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">card</span> <span class="attr">ui-config</span>=<span class="string">"footer"</span>&gt;</span>B<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">card</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">card</span> <span class="attr">ui-config</span>=<span class="string">"header"</span>&gt;</span>C<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">card</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h2><hr>
<p>这节主要简单介绍了一些经过团队思想碰撞后，个人总结的一些组件的设计思想，有很多已经在项目中使用了。<br>所以其实，很多时候争论也是需要的，这是多人协作最有意思的地方，我们能在这样的过程中，扩大我们的视野，同时能学习到不同的思路和想法。</p>
  
		
		<p style="margin-top:50px;">
			查看Github有更多内容噢：<a href="https://github.com/godbasin">https://github.com/godbasin</a>
			<br>
			更欢迎来<a href="https://godbasin.github.io/front-end-playground">被删的前端游乐场</a>边撸猫边学前端噢
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	<img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/2code2.jpg" width="200" height="200" style="display:block;margin: 0 auto;" />
	<p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">码生艰难，写文不易，给我家猪囤点猫粮了喵~</p>
	<div class="author-right">
  		<p>作者：被删</p>
  		<p>出处：<a href="https://godbasin.github.io">https://godbasin.github.io</a></p>
  		<p>本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。</p>
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  <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件的划分和封装"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件的划分和封装</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件的划分"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件的划分</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件的封装"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件的封装</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#可配置的组件"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">可配置的组件</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#通过配置控制组件的展示"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">通过配置控制组件的展示</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#通过某个属性配置某个部分是否显示"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">通过某个属性配置某个部分是否显示</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#通过一个属性配置需要显示的所有部分"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">通过一个属性配置需要显示的所有部分</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
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